Beech Leaf Disease is has been found in every county in Pennsylvania. This disease was first identified in Ohio in 2012 and is caused by a microscopic nematode that damages leaves while they are in buds over winter. Once leaves emerge in the spring, they remain damaged and will result in reduced vigor and over several seasons can result in the death of the tree. Often leaves will fall off giving the forest a very open appearance. Since this disease is fairly new, effective treatments are fairly limited. The most effective treatments can be used on individual landscape trees, but are cost prohibitive on larger scales.

So crazy thought. Do you think there was heartwood (protection wood) AKA “dead wood” in the garden of Eden before the fall / curse?

Congrats @Nolan Sanner you are the August winner! Here is the list of the giveaways that were randomized to avoid favoritism 🤣 July - Insulated Stainless Mug August - Harbor Freight Gift Card September - Hard Lunch Box October - Custom Protos Face Shield November - Custom Arborist T-Shirt December - Duppstadt's Gift Card

Does a double ridge with a valley in the middle always mean the wood is compromised? Do you think the rounded wound wood is weaker or stronger than normal wood?

Repetition encompasses consistency. Finish what you start. Mean what you say. And don't say one thing and do something else. Consistency is an important aspect of repetition.